The Determinants Tax Morale In Surakarta
Keywords:
Tax moral, social norm, Fairness Perceiptions, AgeAbstract
Taxes are contributions of the people to the state treasury based on the law so that they can be implemented as public welfare. Taxes are collected by the government based on legal norms to cover the costs of producing collective goods and services, especially in MSME income tax. In this study, there are still taxpayer actors who do not comply with government regulations resulting in the confiscation of assets in Surakarta. This research objective is to analyze the influence of taxation frameworks such as social norms; fairness perspectives; and age on tax morale. The research method used is quantitative research with a random sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that social norms; and fairness perspectives have a significant positive effect on tax morale and age has no influence on the tax morale of Surakarta taxpayers. So from this research, tax morale is influenced by taxpayers with social norms and justice perspectives that make taxpayers obey taxes. With this, it can be identified that in increasing tax morale, it must expect strategies for behavior in the tax systemTaxes are contributions of the people to the state treasury based on the law so that they can be implemented as public welfare. Taxes are collected by the government based on legal norms to cover the costs of producing collective goods and services, especially in MSME income tax. In this study, there are still taxpayer actors who do not comply with government regulations resulting in the confiscation of assets in Surakarta. This research objective is to analyze the influence of taxation frameworks such as social norms; fairness perspectives; and age on tax morale. The research method used is quantitative research with a random sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that social norms; and fairness perspectives have a significant positive effect on tax morale and age has no influence on the tax morale of Surakarta taxpayers. So from this research, tax morale is influenced by taxpayers with social norms and justice perspectives that make taxpayers obey taxes. With this, it can be identified that in increasing tax morale, it must expect strategies for behavior in the tax system
References
Aligarh, F. (2017). Penggelapan Pajak: Persepsi Mahasiswa Akuntansi, Kedokteran dan Hukum. Jurnal Analisis Bisnis Ekonomi, 15(1), 44-53.
Alm, J. (2019). What Motivates Tax Compliance? Journal of Economic Surveys, 33(2), 353–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12272
Alm, J., Martinez-Vazque, J., & Torgler, B. (2006). Russian attitudes toward paying taxes - Before, during, and after the transition. International Journal of Social Economics, 33(12), 832–857. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068290610714670
Alm, J., & McClellan, C. (2012). Tax morale and tax compliance from the firm’s perspective. Kyklos, 65(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2011.00524.x
Alm, J., Schulze, W. D., von Bose, C., & Yan, J. (2019). Appeals to Social Norms and Taxpayer Compliance. Southern Economic Journal, 86(2), 638–666. https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12374
Arbak, S. B. H. (2024). The Determinants of SME’s Tax Compliance in Indonesia. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 7(2), 80–99.
Augustine, A. A., & Enyi, E. P. (2020). Control of Corruption, Trust in Government, and Voluntary Tax Compliance in South-West, Nigeria. Management Studies, 8(1), 84–97. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2185/2020.01.011
Bejaković, P., & Bezeredi, S. (2019). Determinants of Tax Morale in Croatia: An Ordered Logit Model. Business Systems Research, 10(2), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2019-016
Bilgin, C. (2014). Determinants of tax morale in Spain and Turkey: An empirical analysis. European Journal of Government and Economics, 3(1), 60–74. https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2014.3.1.4297
Bram, D. (2023). Kesadaran Membayar Pajak UMKM di Kota Solo Cukup Tinggi. RADARSOLO.COM. https://radarsolo.jawapos.com/ekonomi/amp/841706112/kesadaran-membayar-pajak-umkm-di-kota-solo-cukup-tinggi
Cahyonowati, N., Ratmono, D., & Juliarto, A. (2023). The role of social norms and trust in authority in tax compliance dilemmas. Cogent Business and Management, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2174084
Castañeda, N. (2017). Business Coordination and Tax Politics. Political Studies, 65(1), 122–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321715616287
Castañeda, N. (2024). Fairness and Tax Morale in Developing Countries. Studies in Comparative International Development, 59(1), 113–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-023-09394-z
Castañeda, N., & Doyle, D. (2019). Progressive tax policy and informal labor in developing economies. Governance, 32(4), 595–618. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12390
Crnogorac, M., & Lago-Peñas, S. (2020). Determinants of Tax Morale in Former Yugoslavian Countries. Eastern European Economics, 58(2), 174–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2019.1671868
Cyan, M. R., Koumpias, A. M., & Martinez-Vazquez, J. (2016). The determinants of tax morale in Pakistan. Journal of Asian Economics, 47, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2016.09.002
Daude, C., & Melguizo, Á. (2010). Taxation and more representation?: On fiscal policy, social mobility and democracy in Latin America. OECD Development Centre Working Papres, 294.
Di Gioacchino, D., & Fichera, D. (2020). Tax evasion and tax morale: A social network analysis. European Journal of Political Economy, 65(July), 101922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101922
Ditjen Pajak RI. (2022). Perhitungan PPH Pasal 25 wajib pajak orang pribadi pengusaha tertentu. Pajak.Go.Id. https://www.pajak.go.id/id/penghitungan-pph-pasal-25-wajib-pajak-orang-pribadi-pengusaha-tertentu#:~:text=Tarif PPh Pasal 25 Wajib,dari masing-masing tempat usaha
Dörrenberg, P., & Peichl, A. (2021). Tax Morale and the Role of Social Norms and Reciprocity. Evidence from a Randomized Survey Experiment. SSRN Electronic Journal, July. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3237993
Eberly, M. B., Holley, E. C., Johnson, M. D., & Mitchell, T. R. (2011). Beyond internal and external: A dyadic theory of relational attributions. Academy of Management Review, 36(4), 731–753. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2009.0371
Engel, C., Mittone, L., & Morreale, A. (2020). Tax morale and fairness in conflict an experiment. Journal of Economic Psychology, 81(March), 102314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2020.102314
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi analisis multivariete dengan program IBM SPSS 23.
Górecki, M. A., & Letki, N. (2021). Social Norms Moderate the Effect of Tax System on Tax Evasion: Evidence from a Large-Scale Survey Experiment. Journal of Business Ethics, 172(4), 727–746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04502-8
Hallsworth, M., List, J. A., Metcalfe, R. D., & Vlaev, I. (2017). The behavioralist as tax collector: Using natural field experiments to enhance tax compliance. Journal of Public Economics, 148, 14–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2017.02.003
Hana, P., & Vitezić, V. (2022). Tax Compliance Challenge Through Taxpayers’ Typology. SSRN Electronic Journal, 11, 219. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4060768
Herawati, N., Rahmawati, R., Indudewi, D., Wardani, M. K., & Susanto, B. (2021). Females on the board of directors and corporate tax aggressiveness in Indonesia: an empirical analysis. International Journal of Governance and Financial Intermediation, 1(2), 105-119.
Horodnic, I. A. (2018). Tax morale and institutional theory: a systematic review. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 38(9–10), 868–886. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-03-2018-0039
Hug, S., & Spörri, F. (2011). Referendums, trust, and tax evasion. European Journal of Political Economy, 27(1), 120–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.06.005
Ilmi, H, N., & Nurjanah, M, R. (2023). Ketentuan terbaru PPH final 0,5% dalam PP No 55 Tahun 2022. Konsultanpajaksurabaya.Com. https://www.konsultanpajaksurabaya.com/ketentuan-terbaru-pph-final-05-dalam-pp-55-tahun-2022-wpop-terima-tambahan-fasilitas#gsc.tab=0
Irawan, B., & Khoirunurrofik, K. (2021). Understanding Tax Morale of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Jabodetabek. Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Universitas Indonesia Conference (APRISH 2019), 558(Aprish 2019), 449–457. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210531.058
Kemme, D. M., Parikh, B., & Steigner, T. (2020). Tax Morale and International Tax Evasion. Journal of World Business, 55(3), 101052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2019.101052
Kirchler, E., Hoelzl, E., & Wahl, I. (2008). Enforced versus voluntary tax compliance: The “slippery slope” framework. Journal of Economic Psychology, 29(2), 210–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2007.05.004
Korgaonkar, C. N., Singh, K., Shashwat Shukla, S., Mishra, M., Jain, P., Gulati, P., Choudhary, K., Dubey, A., Kar, A., Sinha, A., Agrahari, A., Gautam, A., Bijur, S., Das Biswas, S., & Singh, A. (2022). The Determinants of Tax Morale in India. 381.
Kountouris, Y., & Remoundou, K. (2013). Is there a cultural component in tax morale? Evidence from immigrants in Europe. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 96, 104–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.09.010
Kumanireng, I. H. W., & Bayu Utomo, R. (2023). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan Literasi Pajak dan Literasi Digital Terhadap Minat Investasi Mahasiswa Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta di Pasar Modal. Jae (Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Ekonomi), 8(3), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.29407/jae.v8i3.20566
Lago-Peñas, I., & Lago-Peñas, S. (2010). The determinants of tax morale in comparative perspective: Evidence from European countries. European Journal of Political Economy, 26(4), 441–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.06.003
Leonardo, G., & Martinez-Vazquez, J. (2016). Politicians, Bureaucrats, and Tax Morale: What Shapes Tax Compliance Attitudes? ICEPP Working Papers, 16–08(August), 5–43. http://isp-aysps.gsu.edu
Luttmer, E. F. P., & Singhal, M. (2014). Tax morale. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(4), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.4.149
Mariana, L. (2017). Optimalisasi Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi pada KPP Pratama Makassar Utara. Jurnal Office, 3(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.26858/jo.v3i1.3462
Martinez-Vazquez, J., Koumpias, A. M., & Leonardo, G. (2021). Trust in Government Institutions and Tax Morale. FinanzArchiv, 77(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.1628/fa-2021-0006
McCulloch, N. E. I. L., Moerenhout, T., & Yang, J. (2021). Building a Social Contract? Understanding Tax Morale in Nigeria. Journal of Development Studies, 57(2), 226–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2020.1797688
McGlothlin, H., & Killen, M. (2010). Special issue article How social experience is related to children ’ s intergroup attitudes. European Journal of Social Psychology Eur., 40(June 2009), 625–634. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp
Nurhidayah, H. (2021). Seberapa Patuhkah Pelaku UMKM dalam Membayar Pajak? Pajak.Com. https://www.pajak.com/pwf/seberapa-patuhkah-pelaku-umkm-dalam-membayar-pajak/amp/
Orumwense, K. E., & Aiwoho, D. (2021). Determinants of Tax Morale and Tax Compliance: Evidence From Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Accounting, 2(1), 36–53. https://journals.unizik.edu.ng/jocia/article/view/929%0Ahttps://journals.unizik.edu.ng/index.php/jocia/article/view/929/809
Paleka, H., Karanović, G., & Štambuk, A. (2023). The Direct and Moderating Effect of Sociodemographic Variables on Tax Compliance Behaviour. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 18(2), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2023-0017
Palimbong, S. M., & Tangdialla, R. (2021). Analisis pemahaman mekanisme pajak dan moral pajak dalam mendorong kepatuhan pajak sukarela umkm. FORUM EKONOMI, 23(4), 813–818. http://journal.feb.unmul.ac.id/index.php/FORUMEKONOMI
Riswanto, A., Ningsih, S. R., & Daryati, D. (2017). Pengendalian Intern Dan Pemberian Kredit Usaha: Analisis Peranan Dan Efektifitas Sistem. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 4(3), 419–428. https://doi.org/10.17509/jrak.v4i3.4670
Santoro, F. (2021). To file or not to file? Another dimension of tax compliance - the Eswatini Taxpayers’ survey. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics , 95(February), 101760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2021.101760
Schisler, D. L., & Coomer Galbreath, S. (2000). Responsibility for tax return outcomes: An attribution theory approach. In Advances in Taxation (Vol. 12). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1058-7497(00)12019-8
Schutz, P. A., & DeCuir-Gunby, J. T. (2016). Researching race and ethnicity in the study of motivation in educational contexts: An introduction. In Race and Ethnicity in the Study of Motivation in Education. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716909
Sugiyono, D. (2013). Metode penelitian pendidikan pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D.
Torgler, B. (2006). The importance of faith: Tax morale and religiosity. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 61(1), 81–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2004.10.007
Torgler, B. (2011). Tax morale and compliance review of evidence and case studies for europe (Working Paper No. 5922). The World Bank Policy Research. December.
Wasita, A. (2023). Kantor Pajak Surakarta sita aset penunggak. Antaranews.Com. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3813804/kantor-pajak-surakarta-sita-aset-penunggak
Williams, C. C., & Krasniqi, B. (2017). Evaluating the individual- and country-level variations in tax morale. Journal of Economic Studies, 44(5), 816–832. https://doi.org/10.1108/jes-09-2016-0182